Ultimately, the different types of red-green color blindness all result in the individual seeing a world the rest of us would describe as murky green with hints of blue and yellow. Protanomaly (aka red-weak) – Individuals have red cones and can usually see some shades of red.ĭeuteranopia (aka green-blind) – Individuals have no green cones.ĭeuteranomaly (aka green-weak) – Individuals have green cones and can usually see some shades of green. Protanopia (aka red-blind) – Individuals have no red cones. The types of red-green color blindness fall into four different categories. People who are color blind can only see certain colors, depending on which type of color blindness they have. That is to say that one of the three cone types (red, green or blue) in the individual’s eyes isn’t functioning as expected. The most common types of color blindness in humans fall under the heading of anomalous trichromacy. Anomalous trichromacyĬolor blindness results from loss or damage to one or more of the cone types in the retina. This is why color blindness tends to run in families. The genes that code for correct cone function, which are passed down from their parents, have an error. Most people who have trouble seeing various spectrums of light have what is called inherited color blindness. Though the causes may be different, the resulting symptoms (color blindness of some degree of severity) are ultimately caused by deficiencies in the cone photoreceptors. Similar distinctions exist among the acquired forms of color blindness. Inherited types of color blindness are grouped by red-green and blue-yellow, along with the more rare monochromacy (total color blindness). The different types of color blindness are generally divided by whether the vision defect is inherited or acquired. Likewise, normal vision can be referred to as trichromacy. Individuals who have all three types of cones working at full capacity are called trichromats ( tri meaning three and chroma being the Greek word for color). With just those three light sensitivities, we can see literally thousands of colors. The absence of any of the three types of cones is what accounts for different types of color blindness. S-cones (short-wavelength absorbing cones) help us see blue, M-cones (medium-wavelength absorbing cones) reveal green and L-cones (long-wavelength cones) interpret red light. The human eye contains three different types of cones. All types of color blindness have to do with diminished (or absent) functionality in the cones. The human eye has eighteen times more rods than cones.īut the cones are what give us fine detail and color. They are the reason your eyes will adjust in a dark room, allowing you to see basic shapes. Named after their shapes, they are called rods and cones. Our eyeballs have two kinds of photoreceptors in the retina that are designed to absorb light. To understand the multiple types of color blindness that exist, it can be helpful to briefly review the basic mechanisms of human vision. There are seven official diagnoses of color blindness: four different types of color blindness fall in the red-green category, two are in the blue-yellow spectrum and one version describes a type of vision completely lacking in color. What are the different types of color blindness? The physiological manifestations of each are the same, though. To make navigation of the topic even more interesting, variations can be further divided into inherited and acquired types of color blindness. The categories are nested, and some versions that are designated as distinct conditions manifest in similar ways. The question of how many types of color blindness exist can be confusing.
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